Kuki amazi yumunyu mwinshi bigoye kuyivura?Tugomba mbere na mbere gusobanukirwa n’amazi mabi yumunyu mwinshi ningaruka zamazi yumunyu mwinshi kuri sisitemu ya biohimiki!Iyi ngingo ivuga gusa ku gutunganya ibinyabuzima byamazi yumunyu mwinshi!
1. Amazi yumunyu mwinshi ni iki?
Amazi yumunyu mwinshi bivuga amazi mabi arimo umunyu byibuze byibuze 1% (bihwanye na 10,000mg / L).Bituruka ahanini ku bimera byimiti no gukusanya no gutunganya amavuta na gaze gasanzwe.Aya mazi mabi arimo ibintu bitandukanye (harimo umunyu, amavuta, ibyuma biremereye hamwe nibikoresho bya radio).Amazi yumunyu akorwa hifashishijwe amasoko menshi, kandi amazi yiyongera uko umwaka utashye.Kurandura imyanda ihumanya mumazi yumunyu bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubidukikije.Uburyo bwibinyabuzima bukoreshwa mukuvura.Ibintu byumunyu mwinshi cyane bigira ingaruka mbi kuri mikorobe.Uburyo bwa fiziki na chimique bukoreshwa mukuvura, busaba ishoramari rinini nigiciro kinini cyo gukora, kandi biragoye kugera ku ngaruka ziteganijwe zo kwezwa.Gukoresha uburyo bwibinyabuzima bwo gutunganya ayo mazi mabi biracyibandwaho mubushakashatsi murugo ndetse no hanze yarwo.
Ubwoko nibintu bya chimique yibintu kama mumazi mabi yumunyu mwinshi biratandukanye cyane bitewe nuburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, ariko imyunyu irimo ni imyunyu nka Cl-, SO42-, Na +, Ca2 +.Nubwo izo ion ari intungamubiri zingenzi kugirango imikurire ya mikorobe ikure, igira uruhare runini mugutezimbere reaction yimisemburo, kugumana imiterere ya membrane no kugenzura umuvuduko wa osmotic mugihe cyo gukura kwa mikorobe.Ariko, niba kwibumbira hamwe kwa ion ari hejuru cyane, bizagira ingaruka mbi kandi zifite ubumara kuri mikorobe.Ikigaragara nyamukuru ni: kwibanda cyane k'umunyu, umuvuduko mwinshi wa osmotic, umwuma wa selile mikorobe, bigatuma protoplasme itandukana;umunyu ugabanya ibikorwa bya dehydrogenase;ion nyinshi za chloride Bakteri ni uburozi;umunyu mwinshi ni mwinshi, ubwinshi bwamazi y’amazi ariyongera, kandi umwanda ukoreshwa ureremba byoroshye kandi uratakara, bityo bikagira ingaruka zikomeye kubikorwa byo kweza sisitemu yo kuvura ibinyabuzima.
2. Ingaruka yumunyu kuri sisitemu ya biohimiki
1. Kuganisha ku kubura umwuma no gupfa kwa mikorobe
Iyo umunyu mwinshi, impinduka zumuvuduko wa osmotic nimpamvu nyamukuru.Imbere ya bagiteri ni ibidukikije bifunze.Igomba guhana ibikoresho ningufu hamwe nibidukikije byo hanze kugirango bikomeze imbaraga.Ariko, igomba kandi kubuza ibintu byinshi byo hanze kwinjira kugirango birinde kwangiza ibinyabuzima byimbere.Kwivanga no kubuza igisubizo.
Ubwiyongere bwumunyu mwinshi butera kwibanda kumuti imbere muri bagiteri kuba munsi yisi.Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, kubera ibiranga amazi ava mubutumburuke buke akajya hejuru cyane, amazi menshi yatakaye muri bagiteri, bigatera impinduka mubidukikije byimbere ya biohimiki, amaherezo bikangiza imikorere ya biohimiki kugeza bihagaritswe., bagiteri zirapfa.
2. Kubangamira uburyo bwo kwinjiza ibintu bya mikorobe no kubuza urupfu rwabo
Uturemangingo ngengabuzima dufite ibiranga uburyo bwo guhitamo gushungura ibintu byangiza ibikorwa bya bagiteri kandi bikurura ibintu bifasha ibikorwa byubuzima.Ubu buryo bwo kwinjizwa bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye bwo gukemura ibibazo, ubuziranenge bwibintu, nibindi bidukikije.Kwiyongera k'umunyu bituma ibidukikije byinjira muri bagiteri bibangamirwa cyangwa bigahagarikwa, amaherezo bigatuma ibikorwa byubuzima bwa bagiteri bihagarikwa cyangwa bigapfa.Ibihe biratandukanye cyane bitewe na bagiteri kugiti cye, imiterere yubwoko, ubwoko bwumunyu hamwe nubunyu bwumunyu.
3. Uburozi n'urupfu rwa mikorobe
Imyunyu imwe izinjira imbere muri bagiteri hamwe nibikorwa byubuzima bwabo, isenye imbere yimikorere ya biohimiki yimbere, kandi bamwe bazakorana na selile ya bagiteri, bigatuma imitungo yabo ihinduka kandi ntibizongera kubarinda cyangwa kutagishobora gukuramo bimwe. ibintu byangiza kuri bagiteri.Ibintu byingirakamaro, bityo bigatuma ibikorwa byingenzi bya bagiteri bihagarikwa cyangwa bagiteri zipfa.Muri byo, imyunyu iremereye ni yo ihagarariwe, kandi uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuboneza urubyaro bukoresha iri hame.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ingaruka zumunyu mwinshi mukuvura ibinyabuzima bigaragarira cyane cyane mubice bikurikira:
1. Mugihe imyunyu yiyongera, imikurire yimyanda ikora iragira ingaruka.Impinduka mumikurire yacyo niyi ikurikira: igihe cyo kurwanya imihindagurikire iba ndende;umuvuduko wo gukura mugihe cyo gukura kwa logarithmic ugenda gahoro;kandi igihe cyigihe cyo gukura cyihuta kiba kirekire.
2. Umunyu ushimangira guhumeka mikorobe na lysis selile.
3. Umunyu ugabanya ibinyabuzima no kwangirika kw ibinyabuzima.Mugabanye igipimo cyo gukuraho nigabanuka ryikintu kama.
3. Ni ubuhe buryo bwinshi umunyu mwinshi ushobora kwihanganira?
Dukurikije “Amazi meza y’amazi y’imyanda yoherejwe mu miyoboro y’imijyi” (CJ-343-2010), iyo yinjiye mu ruganda rutunganya imyanda kugira ngo ruvurwe mu cyiciro cya kabiri, ubwiza bw’imyanda isohoka mu miyoboro yo mu mijyi igomba kubahiriza ibisabwa mu cyiciro cya B (Imbonerahamwe 1), muri byo Imiti ya chlorine 600 mg / L, sulfate 600 mg / L.
Dukurikije Umugereka wa 3 wa "Code of Design of Drainage Hanze" (GBJ 14-87) (GB50014-2006 na 2011 yasohotse ntisobanura neza umunyu), "Biremewe kwibumbira hamwe ibintu byangiza mumazi yinjira mumazi atunganya ibinyabuzima", kwemererwa kwibanda kwa sodium chloride ni 4000mg / L.
Uburambe bwubushakashatsi bwerekana ko mugihe intungamubiri za chloride ion mumazi y’amazi arenze 2000mg / L, ibikorwa bya mikorobe bizabuzwa kandi igipimo cyo gukuraho COD kizagabanuka cyane;iyo intungamubiri za chloride ion mumazi mabi arenze 8000mg / L, ubwinshi bwamazi buziyongera.Kwaguka, ubwinshi bwifuro bugaragara hejuru y’amazi, kandi mikorobe zipfa umwe umwe.
Mubihe bisanzwe, twizera ko intungamubiri za chloride ion zirenga 2000mg / L hamwe numunyu uri munsi ya 2% (bihwanye na 20000mg / L) bishobora kuvurwa nuburyo bukoreshwa bwa siliveri.Nyamara, uko umunyu mwinshi urimo, nigihe cyo kumenyera.Ariko wibuke ikintu kimwe, Umunyu urimo amazi yinjira ugomba kuba uhagaze kandi ntushobora guhindagurika cyane, bitabaye ibyo sisitemu ya biohimiki ntishobora kubyihanganira.
4. Ingamba zo gutunganya sisitemu ya biohimiki yo gutunganya amazi mabi yumunyu mwinshi
1. Gutanga amashanyarazi akoreshwa
Iyo umunyu uri munsi ya 2g / L, umwanda wumunyu urashobora gutunganywa murugo.Mugukomeza buhoro buhoro umunyu wamazi yo kugaburira ibinyabuzima, mikorobe izaringaniza umuvuduko wa osmotic uri mu ngirabuzimafatizo cyangwa irinde protoplazme mu ngirabuzimafatizo binyuze mu buryo bwihariye bwo kugenzura umuvuduko wa osmotic.Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura bukubiyemo kwegeranya ibintu bifite uburemere buke bwa molekile kugirango bibe urwego rushya rurinda umubiri kandi rwigenga.Inzira ya metabolike, impinduka mubigize genetike, nibindi.
Kubwibyo, isuka isanzwe ikora irashobora gutunganya amazi mabi yumunyu mwinshi murwego runaka rwumunyu mwinshi binyuze murugo mugihe runaka.Nubwo isuka ikora irashobora kongera uburyo bwo kwihanganira umunyu wa sisitemu no kunoza uburyo bwo kuvura sisitemu binyuze mu gutunga urugo, gutunga ibimera bikora Microorganism bifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwihanganira umunyu kandi byumva impinduka z’ibidukikije.Iyo ibidukikije bya chloride bihindutse bitunguranye, guhuza n'imiterere mikorobe bizahita bishira.Gutunga urugo ni ihinduka ryigihe gito ryimiterere ya mikorobe kugirango ihuze nibidukikije kandi nta biranga genetike.Uku guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ni bibi cyane mu gutunganya imyanda.
Igihe cyo kumenyekanisha sludge ikora ni iminsi 7-10.Kumenyekanisha birashobora kunoza kwihanganira mikorobe mvaruganda kumunyu mwinshi.Kugabanuka kwimyanda ikora cyane mugihe cyambere cyo kumenyekana biterwa nubwiyongere bwumuti wumunyu wangiza mikorobe kandi bigatera urupfu rwa mikorobe zimwe.Yerekana gukura nabi.Mu cyiciro cya nyuma cyo gutura mu rugo, ibinyabuzima bito byahinduye ibidukikije byahindutse bitangira kubyara, bityo kwibumbira hamwe kwa siliveri ikora biriyongera.GufataKODukoresheje siliveri ikora muri 1.5% na 2,5% ya sodium ya chloride yumuti nkurugero, igipimo cyo gukuraho COD mugihe cyambere na nyuma yo kumenyekana ni: 60%, 80% na 40%, 60%.
2. Koresha amazi
Kugirango ugabanye ubukana bwumunyu muri sisitemu ya biohimiki, amazi yinjira arashobora kuvangwa kuburyo umunyu uri munsi yumubare w’uburozi, kandi kuvura ibinyabuzima ntibizabuzwa.Inyungu zayo nuko uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye gukora no gucunga;ibibi byayo nuko byongera igipimo cyo gutunganya, ishoramari ryibikorwa remezo nigiciro cyo gukora.
3. Hitamo bagiteri yihanganira umunyu
Bagiteri ya Halotolerant ni ijambo rusange kuri bagiteri zishobora kwihanganira umunyu mwinshi.Mu nganda, ahanini ni inshingano ziteganijwe kugenzurwa no gukungahazwa.Kugeza ubu, umunyu mwinshi urashobora kwihanganira hafi 5% kandi urashobora gukora neza.Ifatwa kandi ubwoko bwamazi yumunyu mwinshi.Uburyo bwa biohimiki yo kuvura!
4. Hitamo inzira yumvikana
Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bwatoranijwe kubintu bitandukanye bya chloride ion, kandi inzira ya anaerobic yatoranijwe neza kugirango igabanye kwihanganira urugero rwa chloride ion yibice bya aerobic.
Iyo umunyu urenze 5g / L, guhumeka no kwibanda kubunyunyu nuburyo bwiza bwubukungu kandi bwiza.Ubundi buryo, nkuburyo bwo guhinga bagiteri irimo umunyu, bifite ibibazo bigoye gukora mubikorwa byinganda.
Isosiyete ya Lianhua irashobora gutanga isesengura ryihuse rya COD kugirango isuzume amazi y’umunyu mwinshi kuko reagent yimiti yacu irashobora gukingira ibihumbi icumi bya chloride ion.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-25-2024
