Chlorine isigaye mu mazi ni iki kandi nigute wabimenya?

Igitekerezo cya chlorine isigaye
Chlorine isigaye ni urugero rwa chlorine iboneka mu mazi nyuma yuko amazi ya chlorine akayanduza.
Iki gice cya chlorine cyongewemo mugihe cyo gutunganya amazi kugirango yice bagiteri, mikorobe, ibinyabuzima n’ibinyabuzima mu mazi. Chlorine isigaye ni ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyerekana ingaruka zanduza umubiri wamazi. Chlorine isigaye irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri, aribyo chlorine isigaye yubusa hamwe na chlorine isigaye. Chlorine isigaye yubusa irimo chlorine yubusa muburyo bwa Cl2, HOCl, OCl-, nibindi.; chlorine isigaye hamwe ni ibintu bya chloramine byakozwe nyuma yo kwitabira ibintu bya chlorine yubusa hamwe na amonium, nka NH2Cl, NHCl2, NCl3, nibindi. Muri rusange, chlorine isigaye bivuga chlorine yubusa, mugihe chlorine isigaye yose hamwe ni chlorine yubusa isigaye kandi hamwe na chlorine isigaye.
Ingano ya chlorine isigaye isanzwe ipimwa muri miligarama kuri litiro. Ingano ya chlorine isigaye igomba kuba ikwiye, yaba hejuru cyane cyangwa hasi cyane. Hejuru cyane ya chlorine isigaye izatera amazi kunuka, mugihe hasi cyane chlorine isigaye irashobora gutuma amazi atakaza ubushobozi bwo gukomeza kuboneza urubyaro no kugabanya umutekano w’isuku wogutanga amazi. Kubwibyo, mugutunganya amazi ya robine, urwego rwa chlorine isigaye rusanzwe rukurikiranwa kandi rugahindurwa kugirango umutekano wifashe neza.
Uruhare rwa chlorine mu gutunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi
1. Uruhare rwo kwanduza chlorine
Chlorination nuburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kwanduza imyanda. Ibikorwa byayo byingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:
1. Ingaruka nziza yo kwanduza
Mu gutunganya imyanda, chlorine irashobora kwica bagiteri nyinshi na virusi. Chlorine idakora mikorobe ikingira poroteyine na acide nucleic. Byongeye kandi, chlorine irashobora kwica amagi na cysts ya parasite zimwe.
2. Ingaruka ya Oxide ku bwiza bwamazi
Ongeramo chlorine irashobora kandi guhumeka ibintu kama mumazi, bigatuma ibinyabuzima byangirika muri acide organique, dioxyde de carbone nibindi bintu. Chlorine ifata ibintu kama mumazi kugirango ikore okiside nka acide hypochlorous na monoxide ya chlorine, nayo ibora ibintu kama.
3. Kubuza gukura kwa bagiteri
Ongeramo urugero rukwiye rwa chlorine birashobora kubuza imikurire ya mikorobe zimwe na zimwe, kugabanya ubwinshi bwamazi mu kigega cya reaction, kandi bikagabanya ingorane nigiciro cyo kwivuza nyuma.
2. Ibyiza n'ibibi byo kwanduza Chlorine
1. Ibyiza
(1) Ingaruka nziza yo kwanduza: Igipimo gikwiye cya chlorine kirashobora kwica bagiteri na virusi nyinshi.
(2) Kunywa byoroshye: Ibikoresho byo gukuramo chlorine bifite imiterere yoroshye kandi byoroshye kubungabunga.
(3) Igiciro gito: Igiciro cyibikoresho byo gutanga chlorine ni gito kandi byoroshye kugura.
2. Ibibi
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3. Ibibazo bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe wongeyeho chlorine
1. Kwibanda kwa Chlorine
Niba intungamubiri za chlorine ziri hasi cyane, ingaruka zo kwanduza ntizishobora kugerwaho kandi umwanda ntushobora kwanduzwa neza; niba intungamubiri za chlorine ari nyinshi cyane, ibisigazwa bya chlorine bisigaye mumubiri wamazi bizaba byinshi, bigatera kwangiza umubiri wumuntu.
2. Igihe cyo gutera Chlorine
Igihe cyo gutera inshinge za chlorine kigomba gutoranywa mugihe cyanyuma cya sisitemu yo gutunganya imyanda kugirango birinde umwanda gutakaza chlorine cyangwa kubyara ibindi bicuruzwa bya fermentation mubindi bikorwa, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku kwanduza.
3. Guhitamo ibicuruzwa bya chlorine
Ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya chlorine bifite ibiciro nibikorwa bitandukanye kumasoko, kandi guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigomba gushingira kumiterere yihariye.
Muri make, kongeramo chlorine ni bumwe muburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya imyanda yo mumijyi no kuyanduza. Muri gahunda yo gutunganya imyanda, gukoresha neza no gutera inshinge za chlorine birashobora kurinda umutekano w’amazi no kunoza imikorere y’imyanda. Ariko, hariho kandi amakuru arambuye ya tekinike nibibazo byo kurengera ibidukikije bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe wongeyeho chlorine.
Impamvu chlorine yongeweho mugutunganya amazi:
Mu cyiciro cy’amazi y’amazi meza n’ibiti bitunganya imyanda, inzira yo kwanduza chlorine ikoreshwa cyane mu kwica bagiteri na virusi mu mazi. Mu gutunganya amazi akonje mu nganda, uburyo bwa chlorine sterilisation hamwe no kuvanaho algae nabwo bukoreshwa, kubera ko mugihe cyogukwirakwiza amazi akonje, kubera guhumeka igice cyamazi, intungamubiri mumazi iba yibanze, bagiteri nizindi mikorobe. Bizagwira ari byinshi, kandi biroroshye gukora sime Umwanda, umwanda mwinshi hamwe numwanda birashobora gutera imiyoboro ihagarara no kwangirika.
Niba chlorine isigaye mu mazi ya robine ari ndende cyane, ingaruka nyamukuru ni:
1. Birakaze cyane kandi byangiza sisitemu yubuhumekero.
2.Byoroshye byoroshye nibintu kama mumazi kugirango bibyare kanseri nka chloroform na chloroform.
3. Nkibikoresho bibyara umusaruro, birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi. Kurugero, iyo ikoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa bya vino yumuceri, igira ingaruka za bagiteri yica umusemburo mugikorwa cya fermentation kandi ikagira ingaruka kumiterere ya vino. Kuberako chlorine ikoreshwa mugusukura amazi ya robine, kandi chlorine isigaye izabyara kanseri nka chloroform mugihe cyo gushyushya. Kunywa igihe kirekire bizatera ingaruka mbi kumubiri wumuntu. By'umwihariko mu myaka yashize, umwanda w’amazi wabaye mwinshi cyane, ibyo bigatuma habaho kwiyongera kwa chlorine isigaye mu mazi ya robine.

Nubuhe buryo bwo gupima chlorine isigaye?

1. DPD ibara
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Ihame: Mugihe cya pH 6.2 ~ 6.5, ClO2 yabanje kwitwara hamwe na DPD muntambwe ya 1 kugirango itange ibara ritukura, ariko amafaranga agaragara agera kuri kimwe cya gatanu cyibintu byose biboneka muri chlorine (bihwanye no kugabanya ClO2 kuri ioni ya chlorite) imwe. Niba icyitegererezo cyamazi kirimo acide imbere ya iyode, chlorite na chlorate nayo irabyitwaramo, kandi iyo itabangamiwe no kongeramo bicarbonate, ibara ryavuyemo rihuye nibintu byose bya chlorine biboneka muri ClO2. Kwivanga kwa chlorine yubusa birashobora kugenzurwa no kongeramo glycine. Icyashingiweho ni uko glycine ishobora guhita ihindura chlorine yubusa muri aside ya chlorine aminoacetic, ariko nta ngaruka igira kuri ClO2.

2. Uburyo bwa electrode yubatswe

Ihame: Electrode yibizwa mucyumba cya electrolyte, kandi icyumba cya electrolyte gihura n’amazi binyuze muri hydrophilique membrane. Acide Hypochlorous ikwirakwira mu mwobo wa electrolyte unyuze muri hydrophilique membrane, ikora umuyoboro hejuru ya electrode. Ingano yumuyaga biterwa numuvuduko acide hypochlorous ikwirakwira mumyanya ya electrolyte. Igipimo cyo gukwirakwizwa kijyanye no kwibumbira hamwe kwa chlorine isigaye mu gisubizo. Gupima ingano iriho. Ubwinshi bwa chlorine isigaye mubisubizo birashobora kugenwa.
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3. Uburyo bwa elegitoronike ya electrode ihoraho (uburyo bwa electrode ya membrane)
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Ihame: Ubushobozi buhamye bugumaho hagati yo gupima na electrode yerekana, kandi ibice bitandukanye byapimwe bizatanga ubukana butandukanye kuri ubu bushobozi. Igizwe na electrode ebyiri za platine hamwe na electrode yerekana kugirango ikore sisitemu yo gupima microcurrent. Kuri electrode yo gupima, molekile ya chlorine cyangwa hypochlorite irakoreshwa, kandi ubukana bwumuyagankuba wabyaye bifitanye isano no kwibumbira hamwe kwa chlorine isigaye mumazi.

Igikoresho cya Lianhua gisigara gisigaye cya chlorine yo gupima LH-P3CLO ikoresha uburyo bwa DPD bwo kumenya, bworoshye gukora kandi bushobora gutanga ibisubizo vuba. Ukeneye gusa kongeramo 2 reagent hamwe nicyitegererezo cyo kugeragezwa, kandi urashobora kubona ibisubizo byo kugereranya ibara. Ibipimo byo gupima ni binini, ibisabwa biroroshye, kandi ibisubizo ni ukuri.