Nubuhe buryo bwo gukurikirana ibidukikije byanduye?

Nubuhe buryo bwo gukurikirana ibidukikije byanduye?
Uburyo bwo gutahura umubiri: bukoreshwa cyane cyane mukumenya imiterere yumwanda, nkubushyuhe, imivurungano, ibintu byahagaritswe, imiyoboro, nibindi.
Uburyo bwo gutahura imiti: bukoreshwa cyane cyane mukumenya imyanda ihumanya imyanda, nkagaciro ka PH, umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga, ogisijeni ya chimique ikenerwa, ogisijeni ikomoka kuri biohimiki, azote ya amoniya, fosifore yuzuye, ibyuma biremereye, nibindi. atomic absorption spectrometry, ion chromatografiya nibindi.
Uburyo bwo kumenya ibinyabuzima: bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kumenya umwanda w’ibinyabuzima mu mwanda, nka mikorobe ziterwa na virusi, algae, n’ibindi.
Uburyo bwo kumenya uburozi: bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusuzuma ingaruka z’ubumara bwangiza mu mwanda ku binyabuzima, nk’uburozi bukabije, uburozi budakira, n’ibindi.
Uburyo bunoze bwo gusuzuma: binyuze mu isesengura ryuzuye ryerekana ibipimo bitandukanye mu mwanda, suzuma ubuziranenge bw’ibidukikije by’imyanda. Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gusuzuma burimo uburyo bwo kwerekana umwanda, fuzzy uburyo bwo gusuzuma bwuzuye, uburyo bwibanze bwo gusesengura nibindi.
Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kumenya amazi mabi, ariko ibyingenzi biracyashingira kubisubizo biranga ubuziranenge bwamazi nubuhanga bwo gutunganya amazi mabi. Gufata amazi mabi yinganda nkikintu, ibikurikira nuburyo bubiri bwo kumenya amazi mabi yo gupima ibirimo ibinyabuzima mumazi mabi. Ubwa mbere, okiside yoroshye yibintu kama mumazi ikoreshwa mubiranga, hanyuma buhoro buhoro kumenya no kugereranya ibinyabuzima hamwe nibintu bigoye mumazi.
Ikizamini cyibidukikije
(1) Kumenya umubiri, ni ukuvuga ogisijeni ikomoka kuri biohimiki. Umwuka wa ogisijeni ukomoka ku binyabuzima niwo ntego yo gupima ibirimo imyuka ihumanya ikirere nk'ibinyabuzima biri mu mazi. Iyo intego irenze, niko umwanda uhumanya amazi, n’umwanda ukabije. Umwanda wangiza mubisukari, ibiryo, impapuro, fibre nandi mazi mabi y’inganda arashobora gutandukanywa nigikorwa cyibinyabuzima cya bagiteri zo mu kirere, kubera ko ogisijeni ikoreshwa mugihe cyo gutandukana, bityo ikaba yitwa kandi ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, niba ibyo bihumanya bisohoka cyane muri umubiri wamazi uzatera ogisijeni idashonga idahagije mumazi. Muri icyo gihe, ibinyabuzima bizangirika na bagiteri ya anaerobic mu mazi, bigatera ruswa, kandi bitange imyuka ihumura nabi nka metani, hydrogène sulfide, mercaptans, na ammonia, bizatera umubiri w’amazi kwangirika no kunuka.
(2)Kumenya COD, ni ukuvuga, ogisijeni ya chimique isaba gutahura, ikoresha okiside ya chimique kugirango itandukanye ibintu bya okiside mu mazi ikoresheje okiside ya chimique, hanyuma ikabara ikoreshwa rya ogisijeni ikoresheje urugero rwa okiside isigaye. Umwuka wa ogisijeni ukenewe (COD) ukunze gukoreshwa nkigipimo cyamazi Igipimo cyibintu kama, niko agaciro kinshi, n’umwanda uhumanya amazi. Igenamigambi rya ogisijeni ikenerwa iratandukanye nuburyo bwo kugena no kugena uburyo bwo kugabanya ibintu biri mu cyitegererezo cy’amazi. Kugeza ubu, uburyo bukoreshwa cyane ni potasiyumu acide ya perisiyumu permanganate hamwe nuburyo bwa okiside ya Potasiyumu dichromate.
Byombi byuzuzanya, ariko biratandukanye. Kumenya COD birashobora gutahura neza ibikubiye mubintu kama mumazi mabi, kandi bisaba igihe gito cyo gupima mugihe. Ugereranije nayo, biragoye kwerekana ibintu kama kama oxyde na mikorobe. Urebye ku isuku, irashobora gusobanura mu buryo butaziguye urugero rw’umwanda. Byongeye kandi, amazi y’imyanda arimo kandi ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigabanya ibintu kama kama, bigomba no gukoresha ogisijeni mugihe cya okiside, bityo COD ikagira amakosa.
Hariho isano hagati yabiri, agaciro kaBOD5ni munsi ya COD, itandukaniro riri hagati yibi byombi rihwanye nubunini bwibintu bivangwa ningingo ngengabuzima, uko itandukaniro ryinshi, ibintu byinshi byangiza umubiri, muriki gihe, ntibigomba gukoresha ibinyabuzima Kubwibyo, igipimo cya BOD5 / COD gishobora kuba ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma niba amazi mabi akwiriye kuvurwa. Mubisanzwe, igipimo cya BOD5 / COD cyitwa indangagaciro ya biohimiki. Umubare muto ugereranije, ntukwiriye kuvurwa biologiya. Ikigereranyo cya BOD5 / COD cyamazi yanduye abereye gutunganya ibinyabuzima Mubisanzwe bifatwa nkibirenga 0.3.