Guhindagurika mumazi yo hejuru

Umuvurungano ni iki?
Guhindagurika bivuga urwego rwo kubuza igisubizo inzira yumucyo, ikubiyemo gukwirakwiza urumuri kubintu byahagaritswe no kwinjiza urumuri na molekile ikemutse.
Guhindagurika ni ikintu gisobanura umubare wibice byahagaritswe mumazi. Bifitanye isano nibintu nkibirimo, ingano, imiterere, hamwe nigipimo cyerekana ibintu byahagaritswe mumazi. Mu gupima ubuziranenge bw’amazi, ihungabana ni ikimenyetso cyingenzi, gishobora kwerekana ubwinshi bwibintu byahagaritswe mu mazi kandi ni nacyo cyashingirwaho mu gusuzuma ibyumviro by’ubuziranenge bw’amazi. Ubushuhe busanzwe bupimwa no gupima ingano yumucyo ukwirakwizwa nibintu bito mumazi iyo urumuri runyuze murugero rwamazi. Ibi bintu bitobito mubisanzwe ni bito, hamwe nubunini muri rusange kuri gahunda ya micron no hepfo. Umuvurungano werekanwa nibikoresho bigezweho mubisanzwe ukwirakwiza ibintu, kandi igice ni NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). Ibipimo by'imyanda ni ingenzi cyane mu gusuzuma ubwiza bw'amazi yo kunywa, kubera ko bidafitanye isano gusa n'amazi meza, ahubwo binagaragaza mu buryo butaziguye urugero rw'imiterere ya mikorobe mu mazi, bigira ingaruka ku kwanduza indwara.
Guhindagurika ni igipimo kigereranijwe cyagenwe nuburyo urumuri rushobora kunyura mucyitegererezo cyamazi. Iyo hejuru y’imyivumbagatanyo, urumuri ruto ruzanyura mu cyitegererezo kandi amazi azagaragara "igicu". Urwego rwohejuru rwinshi ruterwa nuduce twinshi twahagaritswe mumazi, akwirakwiza urumuri aho kuwunyuza mumazi. Ibintu bifatika byahagaritswe bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi. Ibice binini binini bikwirakwiza urumuri kandi bikerekeza imbere, bityo bikongera umuvuduko mukubangamira ihererekanyabubasha binyuze mumazi. Ingano ya Particle nayo igira ingaruka kumiterere yumucyo; ibice binini bitatanya uburebure bwumucyo byoroshye kurenza uburebure bwigihe gito, mugihe utuntu duto dufite ingaruka nini zo gukwirakwiza kumuraba mugufi. Kwiyongera kwingirangingo yibice nabyo bigabanya ihererekanyabubasha ryumucyo mugihe urumuri ruza guhura numubare wiyongereye kandi rugenda intera ngufi hagati yuduce, bikavamo gutatana kwinshi kuri buri gice.

Ihame ryo gutahura
Guhindagurika kwa dogere 90 uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza nuburyo bukoreshwa mugupima ububi bwibisubizo. Ubu buryo bushingiye ku gutatanya ibintu byasobanuwe na Lorentz-Boltzmann. Ubu buryo bukoresha fotometero cyangwa fotometero kugirango bipime ubukana bwurumuri runyura murugero rwikizamini hamwe nuburemere bwurumuri rwatatanye nicyitegererezo mu cyerekezo cya dogere 90, kandi rukabara ububi bwikitegererezo rushingiye ku ndangagaciro zapimwe. Gukwirakwiza theorem ikoreshwa muri ubu buryo ni: Amategeko ya Byeri-Lambert. Iyi theorem iteganya ko mugihe cyibikorwa byindege imwe irasa, igisubizo cya electro-optique muburebure bwikigero kigabanuka hamwe nibikorwa byerekana uburebure bwa optique, ariryo tegeko rya kera rya Beer-Lambert. Mu yandi magambo, imirasire yumucyo ikubita ibice byahagaritswe mugisubizo ikwirakwizwa inshuro nyinshi, hamwe nimirasire imwe ikwirakwizwa kuri dogere 90. Iyo ukoresheje ubu buryo, igikoresho kizapima igipimo cyuburemere bwurumuri rwatatanye nuduce duto kuri dogere 90 kurwego rwumucyo unyura murugero utatatanye. Nkuko kwibumbira hamwe kwingirangingo ziyongera, ubukana bwurumuri rutatanye nabwo buziyongera, kandi igipimo kizaba kinini, kubwibyo, ingano yikigereranyo ihwanye numubare wibice byahagaritswe.
Mubyukuri, iyo upimye, isoko yumucyo yinjizwa muburyo bwikitegererezo kandi icyitegererezo gishyirwa kumwanya ufite inguni ya 90 °. Agaciro k’icyitegererezo karashobora kuboneka mugupima ubukana bwumucyo bupimye bitanyuze murugero hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 90 ° bwakwirakwijwe mubyitegererezo hamwe na fotometeri, hanyuma bigahuzwa nuburyo bwo kubara amabara.
Ubu buryo bufite ubunyangamugayo bukomeye kandi bukoreshwa cyane mugupima imivurungano mumazi, amazi mabi, ibiryo, ubuvuzi nibidukikije.

Niyihe mpamvu nyamukuru itera guhungabana mumazi yo hejuru?
Guhindagurika mumazi yo hejuru biterwa ahanini nibintu byahagaritswe mumazi. 12
Ibi bintu byahagaritswe birimo sili, ibumba, ibintu kama, ibinyabuzima, ibintu bireremba hamwe na mikorobe, nibindi, bizarinda urumuri kwinjira mumubiri wamazi, bityo umubiri wamazi ugahungabana. Izi ngingo zishobora guturuka kubikorwa bisanzwe, nkumuyaga, gushakisha amazi, guhuhuta umuyaga, nibindi, cyangwa mubikorwa byabantu, nkubuhinzi, inganda, n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibipimo by'ubuvurungano mubisanzwe biri mubipimo bimwe bikubiye mubikomeye byahagaritswe mumazi. Mugupima ubukana bwurumuri rutatanye, ubunini bwibintu byahagaritswe mumazi birashobora kumvikana neza.
Gupima akajagari
Lianhua turbidity metero LH-P305 ikoresha uburyo bwa 90 ° butatanye bwumucyo, hamwe no gupima 0-2000NTU. Uburebure bubiri burashobora guhita buhindurwa kugirango birinde amazi ya chromaticity. Ibipimo biroroshye kandi ibisubizo ni ukuri. Uburyo bwo gupima akajagari
1. Hindura kuri metero ya LH-P305 ya metero ya turbidite kugirango ushushe, igice ni NTU.
2. Fata ibiyobora 2 bisukuye.
3. Fata 10ml y'amazi yatoboye hanyuma uyashyire mumiyoboro ya 1 ya colimetric.
4. Fata 10ml y'icyitegererezo hanyuma uyishyire mu miyoboro ya colorimetric No 2. Ihanagura urukuta rw'inyuma.
5. Fungura ikigega cyamabara, shyira muri numero ya 1 ya colimetric, kanda urufunguzo 0, hanyuma ecran izerekana 0 NTU.
6. Kuramo umuyoboro wa 1 wamabara, shyira mumurongo wa 2 wamabara, kanda buto yo gupima, hanyuma ecran izerekana ibisubizo.
Gusaba hamwe nincamake
Guhindagurika ni igipimo cyingenzi cy’ubuziranenge bw’amazi kuko nicyo kimenyetso kigaragara cyerekana uburyo isoko y’amazi “isukuye”. Umuvuduko ukabije urashobora kwerekana ko hariho amazi yangiza ubuzima bwabantu, inyamaswa n’ibimera, harimo bagiteri, protozoa, intungamubiri (nka nitrate na fosifore), imiti yica udukoko, mercure, gurş ndetse n’ibindi byuma. Kwiyongera kw'amazi mu mazi yo hejuru bituma amazi adakwiriye gukoreshwa n'abantu kandi birashobora no gutanga virusi zandurira mu mazi nka mikorobe itera indwara hejuru y’amazi. Umuvurungano mwinshi urashobora kandi guterwa namazi yanduye ava muri sisitemu yimyanda, gutemba mumijyi, no gutwarwa nubutaka biturutse kumajyambere. Kubwibyo, gupima ububobere bigomba gukoreshwa cyane cyane mumurima. Ibikoresho byoroshye birashobora korohereza kugenzura imiterere y’amazi n’ibice bitandukanye kandi bigahuriza hamwe iterambere rirambye ry’umutungo w’amazi.