Amazi y’imyanda ni amazi yanduye arimo umwanda karemano, ibinure, ibinyamisogwe nibindi bintu kama kama mugihe cyo guteka ibikoresho bibisi, kwoza, guhumanya, ubunini, nibindi. Gucapa no gusiga irangi amazi mabi bikorwa mubikorwa byinshi nko gukaraba, gusiga, gusiga, gucapa, ubunini, nibindi, kandi birimo ibintu byinshi kama nkamabara, ibinyamisogwe, selile, lignine, ibikoresho byogajuru, hamwe nibintu bidafite umubiri nka alkali, sulfide, numunyu utandukanye, bihumanya cyane.
Ibiranga gucapa no gusiga irangi amazi
Inganda zo gucapa no gusiga amarangi ninganda zikomeye zisohora amazi mabi yinganda. Amazi y’amazi arimo ahanini umwanda, amavuta, umunyu kuri fibre yimyenda, hamwe nibisumizi bitandukanye, amarangi, surfactants, inyongeramusaruro, acide na alkalis byongewe mugihe cyo gutunganya.
Ibiranga amazi mabi ni ubutumburuke bukabije bwibinyabuzima, ibigize ibintu bigoye, chromaticite yimbitse kandi ihindagurika, impinduka nini za pH, impinduka nini mubunini bwamazi nubwiza bwamazi, kandi biragoye gutunganya amazi mabi yinganda. Hamwe nogutezimbere imyenda ya fibre fibre, kuzamuka kwa silike yigana no kunoza ibyangombwa bisabwa nyuma yo gucapa no gusiga irangi, ibintu byinshi byangiza umubiri nka PVA slurry, rayon alkaline hydrolyzate, amarangi mashya, nabafasha binjiye mumyenda. gucapa no gusiga irangi amazi mabi, bitera ikibazo gikomeye mugikorwa cyo gutunganya amazi mabi gakondo. Ububiko bwa COD nabwo bwiyongereye kuva kuri miligarama amagana kuri litiro kugera kuri 3000-5000 mg / l.
Amazi mabi kandi asize amarangi afite chroma nyinshi na COD ndende, cyane cyane uburyo bwo gucapa no gusiga amarangi nkubururu bwa mercerize, umukara wa mercerize, ubururu bwijimye bwijimye, hamwe n’umukara wijimye wateye imbere ukurikije isoko ry’amahanga. Ubu bwoko bwo gucapa no gusiga bukoresha amarangi menshi ya sulfuru no gucapa no gusiga amarangi nka sodium sulfide. Kubwibyo, amazi mabi arimo sulfide nyinshi. Ubu bwoko bwamazi yanduye agomba kubanza gutunganywa nibiyobyabwenge hanyuma bikavurwa bikurikiranye kugirango byuzuze neza ibipimo bisohoka. Amazi yo guhumanya no gusiga irangi arimo amarangi, ibishishwa, surfactants hamwe nabandi bafasha. Ingano yubu bwoko bwamazi mabi ni menshi, kandi kwibumbira hamwe na chromaticité byombi ni bike. Niba ubuvuzi bwumubiri nubumashini bukoreshwa bwonyine, imyanda nayo iri hagati ya 100 na 200 mg / l, kandi chromaticity irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo gusohoka, ariko ubwinshi bwumwanda bwiyongereye cyane, ikiguzi cyo kuvura imyanda ni kinini, kandi ni byoroshye gutera umwanda wa kabiri. Mugihe gikenewe cyane cyo kurengera ibidukikije, gahunda yo kuvura ibinyabuzima igomba gutekerezwa byuzuye. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura ibinyabuzima bushobora kuzuza ibisabwa kugirango bivurwe.
Uburyo bwo kuvura imiti
Uburyo bwa coagulation
Hariho uburyo buvanze cyane nuburyo bwo kuvanga uburyo. Coagulants ikoreshwa ahanini ni umunyu wa aluminium cyangwa umunyu w'icyuma. Muri byo, aluminium chloride yibanze (PAC) ifite imikorere myiza ya kiraro ya adsorption, kandi igiciro cya sulfate ferrous nicyo gito. Umubare wabantu bakoresha polymer coagulants mumahanga uragenda wiyongera, kandi hariho inzira yo gusimbuza coagulants, ariko mubushinwa, kubera impamvu zibiciro, ikoreshwa rya polymer coagulants riracyari gake. Biravugwa ko intege nke za anionic polymer coagulants zifite intera nini yo gukoresha. Niba ikoreshwa hamwe na aluminium sulfate, irashobora gukina ingaruka nziza. Ibyiza byingenzi byuburyo buvanze nuburyo bworoshye bwo gutembera, gukora neza no gucunga neza, gushora ibikoresho bike, ikirenge gito, hamwe na decolorisation nziza kumabara ya hydrophobique; ibibi ni amafaranga menshi yo gukora, ubwinshi bwamazi hamwe ningorane zo kubura umwuma, hamwe ningaruka mbi yo kuvura amarangi ya hydrophilique.
Uburyo bwa Oxidation
Uburyo bwa Ozone okiside ikoreshwa cyane mumahanga. Zima SV n'abandi. yavuze mu ncamake imiterere yimibare ya ozone decolorisation yo gucapa no gusiga amazi mabi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko iyo dosiye ya ozone ari 0.886gO3 / g irangi, igipimo cya decolorisation y’amazi yanduye yijimye yijimye agera kuri 80%; ubushakashatsi bwerekanye kandi ko ingano ya ozone ikenerwa mu gukora ubudahwema irenze iyo isabwa kugira ngo ikorwe rimwe na rimwe, kandi gushyira ibice muri reaktor birashobora kugabanya urugero rwa ozone ku kigero cya 16.7%. Kubwibyo, mugihe ukoresheje ozone okiside decolorisation, nibyiza gushushanya reakteri rimwe na rimwe hanyuma ugatekereza kuyishyiramo ibice. Uburyo bwa okiside ya Ozone burashobora kugera kubintu byiza bya decolorisation kumarangi menshi, ariko ingaruka za decolorisation ni mbi kumarangi adashobora gushonga nka sulfide, kugabanya, no gutwikira. Urebye uburambe bwibikorwa nibisubizo murugo no mumahanga, ubu buryo bufite ingaruka nziza ya decolorisation, ariko ikoresha amashanyarazi menshi, kandi biragoye kuyiteza imbere no kuyashyira mubikorwa byinshi. Uburyo bwa fotooxidation bufite uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya neza amazi yo gucapa no gusiga amarangi y’amazi, ariko ishoramari ryibikoresho nogukoresha amashanyarazi bigomba kurushaho kugabanuka.
Uburyo bwa Electrolysis
Electrolysis igira ingaruka nziza zo kuvura amazi yo gucapa no gusiga amarangi arimo irangi rya aside, hamwe na decolorisation ya 50% kugeza 70%, ariko ingaruka zo kuvura amazi mabi afite ibara ryijimye na CODcr ndende ni mabi. Ubushakashatsi ku miterere y’amashanyarazi y’amabara yerekana ko gahunda yo gukuraho CODcr yo gukuraho amarangi atandukanye mugihe cyo kuvura electrolytike ari: amarangi ya sulfuru, kugabanya amarangi> amarangi ya aside, amarangi akora> amarangi atabogamye, amarangi ataziguye> amarangi ya cationic, kandi ubu buryo burimo gutezwa imbere na.
Ni ibihe bipimo bigomba kugeragezwa mu gucapa no gusiga irangi amazi
1. Kumenya COD
COD ni impfunyapfunyo ya ogisijeni ikenewe mu gucapa no gusiga irangi amazi y’amazi, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ingano ya ogisijeni ya chimique ikenerwa mu okiside no kubora ibintu kama n’ibinyabuzima mu mazi y’amazi. Kumenya COD birashobora kwerekana ibirimo ibinyabuzima mumazi y’amazi, bifite akamaro kanini mugutahura ibirimo ibinyabuzima mugucapa no gusiga amarangi.
2. Kumenya umubiri
UMUBIRI ni impfunyapfunyo ya ogisijeni ikomoka ku binyabuzima, igaragaza urugero rwa ogisijeni ikenerwa igihe ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi y’amazi byangirika na mikorobe. Kumenya umubiri birashobora kwerekana ibikubiye mubintu kama mugucapura no gusiga irangi amazi yanduye ashobora kwangizwa na mikorobe, kandi bikaranga neza neza ibirimo ibinyabuzima mumazi mabi.
3. Kumenya Chroma
Ibara ryo gucapa no gusiga irangi amazi mabi afite ikintu runaka gitera ijisho ryumuntu. Kumenya Chroma birashobora kwerekana urwego rwa chroma mumazi yanduye kandi ikagira ibisobanuro bimwe byerekana urugero rwumwanda mukwandika no gusiga amarangi.
4. Kugaragaza agaciro ka pH
pH agaciro nikimenyetso cyingenzi kiranga acide na alkaline yamazi yanduye. Kubuvuzi bwibinyabuzima, agaciro ka pH gafite ingaruka nyinshi. Muri rusange, agaciro ka pH kagomba kugenzurwa hagati ya 6.5-8.5. Hejuru cyane cyangwa hasi cyane bizagira ingaruka kumikurire nibikorwa bya metabolike yibinyabuzima.
5. Kumenya azote ya Amoniya
Azote ya Amoniya ni ikimenyetso gisanzwe mu gucapa no gusiga irangi amazi y’amazi, kandi ni kimwe mu bipimo ngengabuzima bya azote. Nibicuruzwa byangirika bya azote kama na azote ya organique muri ammonia mugucapa no gusiga amazi mabi. Azote ikabije ya ammoniya izatera kwirundanya kwa azote mumazi, byoroshye gutera eutrophasi yumubiri wamazi.
6. Kumenya fosifore yose
Fosifore yuzuye ni umunyu wintungamubiri wingenzi mugucapa no gusiga amazi mabi. Fosifore ikabije izatera eutrophasi yumubiri wamazi kandi igire ingaruka kubuzima bwamazi. Fosifore yuzuye mugucapura no gusiga amazi mabi ahanini aturuka kumarangi, abafasha nindi miti ikoreshwa mugucapa no gusiga irangi.
Muri make, ibipimo byo gukurikirana amazi yo gusiga no gusiga irangi amazi yanduye cyane cyane COD, BOD, chromaticity, pH agaciro, azote ya amoniya, fosifore yose hamwe nibindi bintu. Gusa mugupima byimazeyo ibyo bipimo no kubifata neza birashobora kwanduzwa neza umwanda wo gucapa no gusiga irangi amazi mabi.
Lianhua ni uruganda rufite uburambe bwimyaka 40 mugukora ibikoresho byo gupima ubuziranenge bwamazi. Ifite ubuhanga bwo gutanga laboratoireCOD, azote ya amoniya, fosifore yose, azote yose,UMUBIRI, ibyuma biremereye, ibintu bidakoreshwa nibindi bikoresho byo gupima. Ibikoresho birashobora gutanga ibisubizo byihuse, biroroshye gukora, kandi bifite ibisubizo nyabyo. Zikoreshwa cyane mubigo bitandukanye bifite amazi mabi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-24-2024
