Ibintu byahagaritswe, nkuko izina ribivuga, ni ibintu bitembera hejuru y'amazi, mubisanzwe hagati ya 0.1 microne na microne 100 mubunini. Harimo ariko ntabwo bigarukira gusa kuri sili, ibumba, algae, mikorobe, ibinyabuzima byinshi bya molekile, nibindi, bikora ishusho igoye ya microcosm yo mumazi. Ibintu byahagaritswe mu mazi yo hejuru n’amazi yo mu butaka ahanini bituruka ku nzira karemano, nka sili itwarwa ninzuzi na plankton mu biyaga; mugihe imyanda ihagaritswe mumyanda yo mumazi hamwe n’amazi mabi y’inganda aragaragaza cyane ingaruka z ibikorwa byabantu, kuva mukungugu kumyubakire kugeza fibre hamwe nibice bya pulasitike byasohowe ninganda, ibyo bikaba aribyo byukuri bihumanya amazi.
Uburyo bwo gutahura byihuse ibintu byahagaritswe harimo cyane cyane gukoresha metero zahagaritswe, membrane / filteri impapuro zo kuyungurura, uburyo bwo gutandukanya centrifugal, uburyo bwo gupima (uburyo bwo kubara) nuburyo bwo gusesengura ubuziranenge. Ubu buryo bufite umwihariko wabwo kandi burakwiriye kubikenewe bitandukanye.
1. Igikoresho cyo gupima ibikoresho byahagaritswe: Ubu ni uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye bwo gupima. Muguhindura uburebure bwumurongo wikitegererezo mumibare, ibisubizo byerekanwe neza kuri ecran ya LCD. Birakwiye kubona byihuse kubona igipimo cyapimwe cyibintu byahagaritswe.
2. Kurungurura membrane / gushungura impapuro zo kuyungurura: Ubu buryo bukubiyemo gushyira muyungurura cyangwa impapuro zungurura mu icupa ripima, kuyumisha ku bushyuhe bwihariye no kuyipima, hanyuma ugasuka amazi kugirango apimwe mu icupa ripima hamwe na filteri membrane cyangwa kuyungurura impapuro, kuyungurura no kuyumisha, hanyuma ugapima. Ibiri mubintu byahagaritswe bigenwa no kugereranya itandukaniro ryibiro mbere na nyuma.
3. Uburyo bwo gutandukanya Centrifugal: Ibintu byahagaritswe bitandukanijwe nimbaraga za centrifugal hanyuma bipimwa. Ubu buryo buroroshye gukora kandi amakuru yapimwe arasa nukuri. Nimwe muburyo busanzwe bwahagaritswe bwo kugena ibintu.
4. Uburyo bwo gupima (uburyo bwo kubara): Ubu buryo busaba gukoresha akayunguruzo, gasa nuburyo bwo kuyungurura, ariko ntibisaba inzira yo kuyungurura. Akayunguruzo membrane hamwe nicyitegererezo cyumye kandi gipimwa. Birakwiriye kumenya byihuse ibikubiye mubintu byahagaritswe.
5. Uburyo bwo gusesengura bufite ireme: Ubu ni uburyo bwihariye bwo gusesengura, bushobora kuba bukubiyemo intambwe n’ibikorwa bigoye, kandi birakwiriye mu bihe bisaba isesengura rirambuye.
Mugihe uhisemo uburyo bukwiye, ibintu nkubunini bwibice, ibirimo, gukwirakwiza na morphologie, kimwe nukuri kwikizamini hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo gukora bigomba gutekerezwa. Mu guhitamo neza no gukoresha ubu buryo, ibikubiye mubintu byahagaritswe mumazi cyangwa gaze birashobora gusuzumwa neza no gupimwa.
Ni kangahe kumenya vuba ibintu byahagaritswe mumazi?
Ibintu byahagaritswe ntabwo bigira ingaruka gusa kumucyo nubwiza bwamazi y’amazi, ahubwo birashobora no kuba ibintu bitwara ibintu byangiza, byangiza ibidukikije nubuzima bwabantu.
Akamaro ko guhagarika ibintu byahagaritswe mumazi:
1. Isuzuma ry'ibidukikije. Ibintu byahagaritswe mumazi nikimwe mubimenyetso byingenzi byo gusuzuma ubwiza bwamazi nubuzima bwibidukikije. Ukoresheje icyuma cyahagaritswe kugirango hamenyekane ubunini hamwe nibigize ibintu byahagaritswe mumazi, hashobora gusuzumwa umucyo, ubwinshi bwintungamubiri nintungamubiri zumubiri wamazi, kandi urwego rw’imyanda ihumanya n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije ku bidukikije rushobora kumvikana. .
2. Ingaruka ku binyabuzima Ibintu byahagaritswe mu mazi bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buzima n’imibereho y’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi. Ubwinshi bwibintu byahagaritswe bishobora gutera urumuri rudahagije mumazi, bikagira ingaruka kuri fotosintezeza ya phytoplankton nimirimo yibidukikije yibinyabuzima bya bentique. Byongeye kandi, ibinini byahagaritswe birashobora kandi kwamamaza no gutwara ibintu bifite ubumara, bikangiza amafi n’ibindi binyabuzima byo mu mazi.
3. Ubuzima bwabantu. Bimwe mu bintu byahagaritswe, nka algae yubumara cyangwa ibintu bidasanzwe byitwa mikorobe, bishobora guhungabanya ubuzima bwabantu. Mugukurikirana ibimera byahagaritswe mumazi, cyane cyane bishobora kuba birimo mikorobe yangiza, ingaruka z’ubuzima zishobora kuburirwa kugirango umutekano w’amazi n’ubuzima bw’abantu. Kubwibyo, birakenewe cyane gushiraho ibyuma byihuta byahagaritswe.
4. Ubuhinzi n'inganda. Ibihagaritswe byahagaritswe mumazi nabyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye mubikorwa byubuhinzi ninganda. Ubushuhe bukabije bwahagaritswe bushobora kugira ingaruka kumazi yo kuhira, kugabanya ubwiza nubutaka. Ku byuka bihumanya mu nganda, gukurikirana ibintu byahagaritswe mu mazi birashobora gufasha gukurikirana no kugenzura imvururu n’umwanda uva mu mazi y’amazi.
Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kwemeza ukuri no kwizerwa byahagaritswe gutahura. Muguhindura amazi meza ya metero ihagaritswe, uburinganire nuburinganire bwibisubizo byapimwe birashobora kunozwa, bigatanga urufatiro rwizewe rwo gucunga ibidukikije byamazi no kugenzura ubuziranenge bwamazi.
Muri make, intego n'akamaro ko kumenya ibimera byahagaritswe ntabwo bigarukira gusa ku gusobanukirwa ubwiza bw’amazi, ahubwo bikubiyemo no kurinda umutungo w’amazi, kubungabunga ibidukikije, kubungabunga ubuzima bw’abantu, no gusuzuma ubwiza bw’amazi. Nigice cyingenzi mugukurikirana ubuziranenge bwamazi.
Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ibisubizo byoroshye kandi byiza byazanywe. Ikigereranyo gishobora guhagarikwa metero LH-P3SS nigikoresho cyakozwe kandi cyakozwe na Lianhua kugirango umenye ibirimo ibintu byahagaritswe mumazi. Iyi metero yubuziranenge bwamazi ikoreshwa cyane muguhitamo ibimera byahagaritswe mumyanda, kurengera ibidukikije, ibyuma, amazi azenguruka, inganda zimiti nizindi nganda. Iki gikoresho gikoresha tekinoroji ya tekinoroji ya tekinoroji kugirango ihite ihitamo uburebure bwumurongo mwiza, koroshya inzira yimikorere, kunoza neza kumenya, no kunoza imikorere neza.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko kugena ibintu byahagaritswe mumazi biri kure yumukino woroheje. Bifitanye isano nubuzima bwibidukikije n'imibereho myiza yabantu. Urwego rwo hejuru rwibintu byahagaritswe ntibigabanya gusa ubushobozi bwo kwisukura bwamazi y’amazi, kugabanya itangwa rya ogisijeni yashonze mu mazi, kandi bikabangamira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi, ariko kandi byongera umutwaro ku bigo bitunganya imyanda kandi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere n’igiciro cya gutunganya imyanda. Kubwibyo rero, gukurikiranira hafi ibimera byahagaritswe ntabwo ari ikintu cyibanze gisabwa mu kurengera ibidukikije, ahubwo ni n’ingirakamaro ku iterambere rirambye.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-18-2024
