Imetero yamavuta ya infragre nigikoresho gikoreshwa cyane mugupima amavuta mumazi. Ikoresha ihame rya infragre spekitroscopi kugirango isesengure neza amavuta mumazi. Ifite ibyiza byo kwihuta, neza kandi byoroshye, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukurikirana ubuziranenge bwamazi, kurengera ibidukikije nizindi nzego.
Amavuta ni uruvange rwibintu bitandukanye. Ukurikije polarite yibigize, irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: peteroli namavuta ninyamanswa. Amavuta y’inyamanswa n’ibimera bishobora kwamamazwa nibintu nka magnesium silikate cyangwa gelika silika.
Ibikomoka kuri peteroli bigizwe ahanini n’ibintu bya hydrocarubone nka alkane, cycloalkane, hydrocarbone ya aromatic, na alkenes. Ibirimo hydrocarubone bingana na 96% kugeza 99% byuzuye. Usibye hydrocarbone, ibikomoka kuri peteroli birimo na ogisijeni nkeya, azote, na sulferi. Hydrocarubone ikomoka kubindi bintu.
Amavuta yinyamanswa nimboga arimo amavuta yinyamanswa namavuta yibimera. Amavuta yinyamanswa ni amavuta yakuwe mu nyamaswa. Mubisanzwe birashobora kugabanywa mumavuta yinyamanswa kwisi hamwe namavuta yinyamanswa. Amavuta akomoka ku bimera ni amavuta aboneka mu mbuto, imbuto, na mikorobe y'ibimera. Ibice byingenzi byamavuta yimboga ni umurongo mwinshi wa acide na triglyceride.
Inkomoko y’umwanda
1. Umwanda uhumanya peteroli mu bidukikije ahanini uturuka ku mazi y’inganda n’imyanda yo mu ngo.
2. Inganda zingenzi zinganda zisohora ibyuka bya peteroli ninganda cyane nko kuvoma peteroli, gutunganya, gutwara no gukoresha amavuta atandukanye.
3. Amavuta yinyamanswa nimboga akomoka cyane cyane mumyanda yo murugo no kugaburira inganda. Byongeye kandi, inganda zinganda nkisabune, irangi, wino, reberi, gutunganya, imyenda, kwisiga nubuvuzi nabyo bisohora amavuta yinyamanswa n’ibimera.
Ibidukikije byangiza amavuta ① Kwangiza ibintu byamazi; Kwangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije; Kwangiza uburobyi; Kwangiza ibimera byo mu mazi; Kwangiza inyamaswa zo mu mazi; Kwangiza umubiri w'umuntu
1. Ihame rya metero yamavuta ya infragre
Ikoreshwa rya peteroli itagira ingano ni ubwoko bwibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu yo gukurikirana ibidukikije, inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli, hydrology no kubungabunga amazi, amasosiyete y’amazi, inganda zitunganya imyanda, amashanyarazi y’amashyanyarazi, amasosiyete y’ibyuma, ubushakashatsi n’ubumenyi bwa kaminuza, kwigisha ibidukikije, gukurikirana ibidukikije bya gari ya moshi. , gukora amamodoka, ibikoresho byo mu nyanja byo gukurikirana ibidukikije, gukurikirana ibidukikije by’umuhanda, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi y’ibidukikije n’ibindi byumba byo gupima na laboratoire.
By'umwihariko, metero yamavuta ya infragre irasa urugero rwamazi kumasoko yumucyo. Amavuta ya molekile mucyitegererezo cyamazi azakuramo igice cyumucyo. Ibirimo amavuta birashobora kubarwa mugupima urumuri rwakiriwe. Kuberako ibintu bitandukanye bikurura urumuri muburebure butandukanye nuburemere, ubwoko bwamavuta butandukanye burashobora gupimwa muguhitamo akayunguruzo na detekeri.
Ihame ryakazi ryayo rishingiye ku gipimo cya HJ637-2018. Ubwa mbere, tetrachlorethylene ikoreshwa mugukuramo ibintu byamavuta mumazi, kandi ibivuyemo byose birapimwa. Noneho ibiyikuramo byamamajwe na magnesium silikate. Nyuma yo gukuraho ibintu bya polar nkamavuta yinyamanswa nimboga, amavuta arapimwa. ubwoko. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli hamwe na peteroli byose bigenwa numubare wumurongo wa 2930cm-1 (kurambura kunyeganyega kwa CH bond mumatsinda ya CH2), 2960cm-1 (kurambura kunyeganyega kwa CH mumatsinda ya CH3) na 3030cm-1 (hydrocarbone ya aromatique). Kwinjira kuri A2930, A2960 na A3030 kumurongo urambuye wa CH bond) byabazwe. Ibiri mu mavuta y’inyamanswa n’ibimera bibarwa nkitandukanyirizo ryibikomoka kuri peteroli hamwe nibikomoka kuri peteroli. Muri byo, amatsinda atatu, 2930cm-1 (CH3), 2960cm-1 (CH2), na 3030cm-1 (hydrocarbone ya aromatic), ni byo bigize amavuta ya peteroli. "Ikomatanyirizo ryose" mubigize irashobora "guteranyirizwa" muri aya matsinda atatu. Kubwibyo, birashobora kugaragara ko kugena ibikomoka kuri peteroli bisaba gusa umubare wamatsinda atatu yavuzwe haruguru.
Porogaramu ya buri munsi yerekana amavuta ya infragre zirimo ariko ntagarukira gusa mubihe bikurikira: Irashobora gupima ibikubiye muri peteroli, nkamavuta yubutare, amavuta atandukanye ya moteri, amavuta yubukanishi, amavuta yo kwisiga, amavuta yubukorikori hamwe ninyongera zitandukanye zirimo cyangwa zongeramo; icyarimwe Ibirimo ugereranije na hydrocarbone nka alkane, cycloalkane na hydrocarbone ya aromatic nayo irashobora gupimwa kugirango yumve amavuta arimo mumazi. Byongeye kandi, ibyuma bifata amavuta ya infragre birashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugupima hydrocarbone mubintu kama, nkibintu kama kama biterwa no kumena hydrocarbone ya peteroli, lisansi zitandukanye, nibicuruzwa bigezweho mugihe cyo gukora ibintu kama.
2. Kwirinda gukoresha amavuta ya infragre
1. Gutegura icyitegererezo: Mbere yo gukoresha icyuma gipima amavuta ya infragre, icyitegererezo cyamazi kigomba gutunganywa mbere. Ingero zamazi zikenera gushungura, gukururwa nizindi ntambwe zo gukuraho umwanda nibintu bivanga. Muri icyo gihe, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko amazi y’amazi ahagararirwa kandi tukirinda amakosa yo gupimwa yatewe no gutoranya kutaringaniye.
2. , no gusimbuza no kubihindura buri gihe.
3. Kugenzura ibikoresho: Mbere yo gukoresha metero yamavuta ya infragre, kalibrasi irasabwa kugirango ibipimo bipime neza. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birashobora gukoreshwa mugusubiramo, kandi coeffisiyoneri ya kalibrasi yibikoresho irashobora kubarwa hashingiwe ku kwinjiza ibintu hamwe nibizwi mubikoresho bisanzwe.
4. Gukoresha ibisobanuro: Mugihe ukoresheje metero yamavuta ya infragre, ugomba gukurikiza ibisobanuro bikora kugirango wirinde imikorere itari yo igira ingaruka kubipimo byo gupima. Kurugero, icyitegererezo kigomba guhora gihamye mugihe cyo gupima kugirango wirinde kunyeganyega no guhungabana; ni ngombwa kwemeza isuku nogushiraho neza mugihe usimbuye akayunguruzo na detector; kandi ni ngombwa guhitamo algorithms nuburyo bukwiye bwo kubara mugihe cyo gutunganya amakuru.
5. Kubungabunga no kubungabunga: Kora buri gihe kuri disiketi yamavuta ya infragre kugirango ibikoresho bigume neza. Kurugero, buri gihe usukure muyungurura na detekeri, reba niba amasoko yumucyo nizunguruka bikora neza, kandi ukore kalibrasi no kubungabunga ibikoresho.
6. Gukemura ibibazo bidasanzwe: Niba uhuye nibihe bidasanzwe mugihe cyo gukoresha, nkibisubizo byo gupima bidasanzwe, kunanirwa ibikoresho, nibindi, ugomba guhagarika kubikoresha ako kanya hanyuma ugakemura ibibazo. Urashobora kwifashisha igitabo gikubiyemo ibikoresho cyangwa ukabaza abatekinisiye babigize umwuga kugirango batunganyirizwe.
7. Gufata amajwi no kubika: Mugihe cyo gukoresha, ibisubizo byo gupima hamwe nuburyo ibikoresho byakoreshwaga bigomba kwandikwa no kubikwa kugirango bisesengurwe hamwe niperereza. Muri icyo gihe, hagomba kwitabwaho kurinda ubuzima bwite n'umutekano w'amakuru.
8. Amahugurwa arashobora kuzamura ubumenyi bwabakoresha kandi akemeza neza gukoresha ibikoresho nukuri kwamakuru.
9. Niba hari ibintu bidasanzwe, ugomba kugira ibyo uhindura no kubikemura.
. ibidukikije bya laboratoire.
Kugeza ubu, metero nshya ya peteroli ya LH-S600 yakozwe na Lianhua ifite ecran ya santimetero 10 zo gukoraho na mudasobwa yubatswe. Irashobora gukorerwa kuri mudasobwa ya tablet idakenewe mudasobwa yo hanze kandi ifite igipimo gito cyo gutsindwa. Irashobora kwerekana ubushishozi ibishushanyo, gushyigikira icyitegererezo cyo kwita izina, kuyungurura no kureba ibisubizo byikizamini, no kwagura interineti ya HDMI kuri ecran nini yo gushyigikira kohereza amakuru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-12-2024
