COD, azote ya amoniya, fosifore yose hamwe na azote yose ni ibintu nyamukuru byerekana umwanda mu mazi. Ingaruka zazo ku bwiza bwamazi zirashobora gusesengurwa mubice byinshi.
Mbere na mbere, COD ni ikimenyetso cyerekana ibinyabuzima biri mu mazi, bishobora kwerekana umwanda w’ibintu kama mu mubiri w’amazi. Imibiri y’amazi ifite ubukana bwinshi bwa COD ikunda kugira umuvuduko mwinshi n’amabara, kandi ikunda kubyara bagiteri, bigatuma ubuzima bwamazi bugabanuka. Byongeye kandi, urugero rwa COD ruzanakoresha ogisijeni yashonze mu mazi, biganisha kuri hypoxia cyangwa no guhumeka mu mubiri w’amazi, bikangiza ubuzima bw’amazi.
Icya kabiri, azote ya ammonia ni imwe mu ntungamubiri zingenzi mu mazi, ariko niba intungamubiri za azote ya amoniya ari nyinshi cyane, bizatuma eutrophasi y’umubiri w’amazi kandi iteza imbere uburabyo bwa algae. Indabyo za algae ntizitera amazi gusa, ahubwo inarya ogisijeni nyinshi yashonze, biganisha kuri hypoxia mumazi. Mubihe bikomeye, birashobora gutera umubare munini wamafi. Byongeye kandi, azote nyinshi ya azote izatanga impumuro mbi, izagira ingaruka mbi kubidukikije ndetse nubuzima bwabaturage.
Icya gatatu, fosifore yuzuye nibintu byingenzi byintungamubiri yibimera, ariko kwibumbira hamwe kwa fosifore birenze urugero bizamura imikurire ya algae nibindi bimera byo mumazi, biganisha kuri eutrophasi yimibiri yamazi no kubaho kumurabyo wa algal. Amababi ya algal ntabwo atuma amazi ahinduka kandi anuka gusa, ahubwo anakoresha ogisijeni nyinshi yashonze kandi bigira ingaruka kubushobozi bwo kwisukura bwamazi. Byongeye kandi, algae zimwe na zimwe nka cyanobacteria zishobora kubyara ibintu bifite uburozi, bigatera kwangiza ibidukikije ndetse n’ibidukikije.
Hanyuma, azote yuzuye igizwe na azote ya amoniya, azote ya azote na azote kama, kandi ni ikimenyetso cyingenzi kigaragaza urugero rw’imyanda ihumanya mu mazi. Ubwinshi bwa azote bwuzuye ntibuzamura gusa eutrophasi yumubiri wamazi no kumera kumurabyo wa algal, ahubwo bizagabanya no gukorera mu mucyo kwamazi no kubuza imikurire y’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi. Byongeye kandi, ibinyabuzima byinshi bya azote nabyo bizagira ingaruka ku buryohe no kuryoha byumubiri wamazi, bigira ingaruka kubinyobwa nubuzima.
Muri make, COD, azote ya amoniya, fosifore yose hamwe na azote yose ni ibimenyetso byingenzi bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw’amazi, kandi kuba mwinshi cyane bizagira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije by’amazi n’ubuzima. Kubwibyo, mubuzima bwa buri munsi n’umusaruro, dukwiye gushimangira kugenzura no gucunga neza ubwiza bw’amazi, gufata ingamba zifatika zo kugabanya imyanda ihumanya amazi, no kurengera umutungo w’amazi n’ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-28-2023
