Umwuka wa ogisijeni ukomoka ku binyabuzima (BOD)ni kimwe mu bipimo byingenzi bipima ubushobozi bwibintu kama mumazi byangirika mubinyabuzima na mikorobe, kandi nikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo kwisukura bwamazi nibidukikije. Hamwe n’umuvuduko w’inganda n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage, umwanda w’ibidukikije by’amazi warushijeho gukomera, kandi iterambere ry’imikorere ya BOD ryagiye ritera imbere buhoro buhoro.
Inkomoko yo kumenya BOD irashobora guhera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, igihe abantu batangiraga kwita kubibazo by’amazi. UMUBIRI ukoreshwa mu gusuzuma ingano y’imyanda kama mu mazi, ni ukuvuga gupima ubuziranenge bwayo mu gupima ubushobozi bwa mikorobe mu mazi yo gutesha agaciro ibinyabuzima. Uburyo bwa mbere bwo kugena BOD bwari bworoshye cyane, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa beam incubation, ni ukuvuga ko amazi y’amazi na mikorobe byatewe mu kintu cyihariye cyo guhinga, hanyuma itandukaniro rya ogisijeni yashonze mu gisubizo mbere na nyuma yo gupimwa, hanyuma Agaciro k'umubiri kabaruwe hashingiwe kuri ibi.
Nyamara, uburyo bwa beam incubation uburyo butwara igihe kandi bugoye gukora, kubwibyo hariho imbogamizi nyinshi. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, abantu batangiye gushaka uburyo bworoshye kandi bwuzuye bwo kugena BOD. Mu 1939, umuhanga mu by'imiti w’umunyamerika Edmonds yatanze uburyo bushya bwo kugena BOD, aribwo gukoresha ibintu bya azote ya organique nka inhibitori kugirango huzuzwe kuzuza ogisijeni yashonze kugirango bigabanye igihe cyagenwe. Ubu buryo bwakoreshejwe cyane kandi bwabaye bumwe muburyo bwingenzi bwo kugena BOD.
Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nubuhanga bugezweho no guteza imbere ibikoresho, uburyo bwo kugena BOD nabwo bwarushijeho kunozwa no gutunganywa. Muri 1950, igikoresho cya BOD cyikora cyagaragaye. Igikoresho gikoresha electrode ya elegitoronike yashonze hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe kugirango igere ku kutabangamira guhoraho kugena ingero z’amazi, kunoza ukuri no gushikama kwicyemezo. Mu myaka ya za 1960, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa, hagaragaye mudasobwa ihuza sisitemu yo gushaka amakuru no gusesengura amakuru, byateje imbere cyane imikorere no kwizerwa bya BOD.
Mu kinyejana cya 21, tekinoroji yo kumenya BOD yateye imbere kurushaho. Ibikoresho bishya nuburyo bwo gusesengura byatangijwe kugirango ibyemezo bya BOD byihuse kandi neza. Kurugero, ibikoresho bishya nka analyse ya mikorobe hamwe na fluorescence spekrometrike irashobora kumenya kugenzura kumurongo no gusesengura ibikorwa bya mikorobe nibirimo kama mubitegererezo byamazi. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo kumenya BOD bushingiye kuri biosensor na tekinoroji ya immunoassay nabwo bwakoreshejwe cyane. Biosensor irashobora gukoresha ibikoresho biologiya hamwe na misemburo ya mikorobe kugirango ibashe kumenya neza ibinyabuzima, kandi bifite ibiranga sensibilité nini kandi itajegajega. Ikoranabuhanga rya Immunoassay rirashobora kumenya vuba na bwangu ibikubiye mu binyabuzima byihariye mu ngero z’amazi muguhuza antibodi zihariye.
Mu myaka mike ishize, uburyo bwo kumenya BOD bwanyuze mubikorwa byiterambere kuva mumico yumucyo kugeza muburyo bwa azote butemewe, hanyuma bigakoreshwa mubikoresho byikora nibikoresho bishya. Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, ikoranabuhanga rya BOD riracyatezwa imbere kandi rishya. Mu bihe biri imbere, hashobora gutegurwa ko hamwe no kurushaho kumenyekanisha ibidukikije no kongera ibisabwa mu mabwiriza, ikoranabuhanga rya BOD rizakomeza gutera imbere kandi ribe uburyo bunoze kandi bunoze bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-07-2024
