Mu bidukikije tubamo, umutekano w’amazi ni ihuriro ryingenzi. Nyamara, ubwiza bwamazi ntabwo buri gihe bugaragara, kandi buhisha amabanga menshi tudashobora kubona n'amaso yacu. Imiti ya ogisijeni ikenerwa (COD), nkibintu byingenzi mu isesengura ry’amazi, ni nkumutegetsi utagaragara ushobora kudufasha kubara no gusuzuma ibirimo imyanda ihumanya mu mazi, bityo bikagaragaza imiterere nyayo y’amazi.
Tekereza niba umwanda uri mu gikoni cyawe ufunzwe, hazaba impumuro idashimishije? Iyo mpumuro mubyukuri iterwa no gusembura ibintu kama mubidukikije bya ogisijeni. COD ikoreshwa mu gupima urugero ogisijeni ikenewe mugihe ibyo bintu kama (nibindi bintu bimwe na bimwe bya okiside, nka nitrite, umunyu wa ferrous, sulfide, nibindi) bihumeka mumazi. Muri make, hejuru ya COD agaciro, niko umubiri wamazi urushaho kwanduzwa nibintu kama.
Kumenya COD bifite akamaro gakomeye mubikorwa. Ni kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi bipima urugero rw'imyanda ihumanya. Niba agaciro ka COD kari hejuru cyane, bivuze ko ogisijeni yashonze mumazi izakoreshwa cyane. Muri ubu buryo, ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi bikenera ogisijeni kugira ngo bibeho (nk'amafi na shrimp) bizahura n'ikibazo cyo kubaho, ndetse bishobora no gutuma habaho “amazi yapfuye”, bigatuma urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byose rusenyuka. Kubwibyo, kwipimisha buri gihe COD ni nko gukora isuzuma ryumubiri ryamazi meza, kuvumbura no gukemura ibibazo mugihe gikwiye.
Nigute ushobora kumenya COD agaciro k'icyitegererezo cy'amazi? Ibi bisaba gukoresha "intwaro" zumwuga.
Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane nuburyo bwa potasiyumu dichromate. Byumvikane neza, ariko ihame mubyukuri biroroshye:
Icyiciro cyo kwitegura: Ubwa mbere, dukeneye gufata urugero rwamazi runaka, hanyuma tukongeramo potasiyumu dichromate, "super oxyde", hanyuma ukongeramo sulfate ya silver nka catalizator kugirango reaction ikorwe neza. Niba hari ioni ya chloride mumazi, igomba gukingirwa na sulfate ya mercure.
Gushyushya ibintu: Ibikurikira, shyushya iyi mvange hamwe hanyuma ubireke bikore muri acide sulfurike. Iyi nzira ni nko guha icyitegererezo cyamazi "sauna", kigaragaza umwanda.
Isesengura rya Titration: Nyuma yo kubyitwaramo birangiye, tuzakoresha ammonium ferrous sulfate, "agent igabanya", kugirango twitirire potasiyumu dichromate isigaye. Mu kubara umubare ugabanya imiti ikoreshwa, dushobora kumenya umubare wa ogisijeni wakoreshejwe mu guhumanya imyuka ihumanya amazi.
Usibye uburyo bwa potasiyumu dichromate, hari ubundi buryo nka potassium permanganate. Bafite inyungu zabo bwite, ariko intego ni imwe, ni ugupima neza agaciro ka COD.
Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwihuta bwo gusya bwerekana uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mugushakisha COD kumasoko yimbere mu gihugu. Ubu ni uburyo bwihuse bwo kumenya COD bushingiye ku buryo bwa potasiyumu dichromate, kandi bugashyira mu bikorwa amahame ya politiki “HJ / T 399-2007 Kugena ubuziranenge bw’amazi ya Oxygene y’imiti isaba Rapid Digestion Spectrophotometry”. Kuva mu 1982, Bwana Ji Guoliang, washinze ikoranabuhanga rya Lianhua, yateje imbere COD igogorwa ryihuse rya spekitifoto n’ibikoresho bifitanye isano. Nyuma yimyaka irenga 20 yo kuzamurwa no kumenyekana, amaherezo yaje kuba igipimo cy’ibidukikije ku rwego rw’igihugu mu 2007, izana COD mu gihe cyo gutahura vuba.
COD yihuta cyane igogora ryakozwe na tekinoroji ya Lianhua irashobora kubona ibisubizo nyabyo bya COD muminota 20.
1. Fata ml 2,5 yicyitegererezo, ongeramo reagent D na reagent E, hanyuma uzunguze neza.
2. Shyushya COD digester kugeza kuri dogere 165, hanyuma ushiremo icyitegererezo hanyuma ushire muminota 10.
3. Igihe kirangiye, fata icyitegererezo hanyuma ukonje muminota 2.
4. Ongeramo ml 2,5 y'amazi yatoboye, uzunguze neza hanyuma ukonje mumazi muminota 2.
5. Shyira icyitegererezo muriCOD ifotoraKuri amabara. Nta mibare isabwa. Ibisubizo birahita byerekanwa kandi bigacapurwa. Biroroshye kandi byihuse.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-25-2024
